ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurological condition that impacts the brain’s ability to plan, focus, and execute daily tasks. It manifests in three primary subtypes: inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or a combination of both, making diagnosis in girls and adults particularly challenging. This overview covers ADHD’s symptoms, causes, types, and diagnostic procedures.
Approximately 11% of children and 5% of adults in the United States are estimated to have ADHD. This disorder affects individuals’ impulse control, concentration, and organizational skills. Contrary to some misconceptions, ADHD is not a behavioral issue, a mental health disorder, or a learning disability. Rather, it involves a dysfunction in the brain’s self-regulation system and can be identified in both children and adults.
Common Symptoms of ADHD:
Inattention
Lack of focus
Poor time management
Weak impulse control
Exaggerated emotions
Hyperfocus
Hyperactivity
Executive dysfunction
ADHD is often compared to an iceberg, with the bulk of its symptoms not immediately visible but persistently present. If ADHD is suspected, engaging in a formal diagnostic process is recommended.
Types of ADHD:
Primarily Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD: Individuals with this type of ADHD display constant movement and speech, acting impulsively without consideration for consequences. They may come across as impatient and disruptive.
Primarily Inattentive ADHD (Formerly ADD): Those with inattentive ADHD struggle with maintaining attention, completing tasks, and following instructions. They are prone to distraction and forgetfulness, often losing personal items and failing to stay on topic.
Primarily Combined Type ADHD: This diagnosis applies when individuals exhibit symptoms of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, meeting the criteria for both subtypes as outlined in the latest DSM edition, referred to as “presentations.”
Diagnosing ADHD involves evaluating whether an individual meets the criteria for one of these presentations, with the understanding that people can shift between types over time. The criteria have evolved to acknowledge a broader range of symptoms, including emotional dysregulation and cognitive issues, reflecting the complexity of ADHD.
What Causes ADHD?
The exact origins of ADHD are still being studied, but genetics play a significant role in its development. Research indicates a strong genetic component, particularly related to dopamine neurotransmitter genes. Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals, may also contribute to the risk of ADHD. It is critical to understand that ADHD is not the result of poor parenting practices, excessive sugar intake, or too much screen time. It is a brain-based, biological disorder, with brain imaging and research showing physiological differences in the brains of those with ADHD.
Lake Worth Psychiatry provides comprehensive care for individuals with ADHD, offering insights and support tailored to each person’s unique needs. For more information or to seek diagnosis and treatment, contact Lake Worth Psychiatry.
